This was an interesting thread, and if as a n00b I can't yet contribute much with regard to e-bike technology, perhaps I can offer some perspective on trail controls.
E-geezer said:
Since it's USFS, it's not like ebikes were just banned, I don't think they've ever been allowed on hiking trails, there just weren't any signs before.
The first sign posted on the previous page was at the entrance to a designated Wilderness Area. Congress defines Wilderness Areas and they have been around since at least 1964, maybe longer. Generally, no wheeled or motorized vehicles of any kind are permitted in Wilderness Areas, so e-bikers shouldn't take it personally. Individual USFS District Managers might enforce the rules more or less liberally, but when I worked in the San Gorgonio Wilderness 30 years ago we couldn't bring wheelbarrows into the Wilderness, and trails had to be cleared with two-man saws instead of chainsaws.
In the Carson Range above Reno there are lots of mixed use trails (foot and bicycle) that become foot trails only when they cross into the Mt Rose Wilderness.
I have no doubt that in some places individuals riding e-bikes irresponsibly caused clamp-downs (because I know those guys are always there, being visible and causing problems; we have them in every other avocational activity with which I have ever been involved, and even here on ES there are at least a couple guys who seem to question your manhood if you aren't interested in riding fast); but it's more likely that e-bikes are banned on many trails simply because they are motorized, and so are lumped together with motorcycles, snowmobiles, etc. I am not interested in meticulous legal nit-picking about what is and is not a "vehicle:" to 95% of the population of average or greater intelligence, if it has a motor, it is a motorized vehicle.
Yeah, I get it that there are a number of Lycra activists who are down on e-bikes in some areas, for whatever finger-wagging reasons; but they probably represent a minority of the anti-e-bike policy decisions. It's probably as simple, in most places, as I've suggested above.
I don't share the pessimism expressed by others, that e-bikes will be more and more heavily regulated. In fact, the heavy regulation has already occurred, by lumping them together with noisy, smelly and fast motorcycles, and we have actually seen some liberalization over the last few years, in some areas. As e-bikes become more accepted and understood in general, they will doubtless be allowed on more and more trails . . . unless dumbasses make nuisances of themselves with irresponsible riding.
But some perspective: some areas must be shared among a variety of users, while other places should be restricted only to those users with the least impact. It is difficult to refute that (though I once saw a bumper sticker in Las Vegas that said "WILDERNESS IS A WASTE OF PUBLIC LANDS," so I guess not everyone will agree with me).
o On off-road forums, they are probably bitching that the Forest Service doesn't improve single-track motorcycle trails so that four-wheel vehicles can use them.
o On the dirt biking forums, they are bitching that so many mountain biking trails are closed to motorcycles.
o On the mountain biking forums, they are bitching because they can't ride their bikes in designated Wilderness Areas.
o In the hiking forums, they are bitching about all the off-roaders, dirt-bikers and mountains bikers. And equestrians, too. And people with dogs.
In 2013 I walked 63 miles across the Sierra Nevada in nine days, through an area that has never had roads and never will. It was one of the highlights of my life. You can bet I was glad there were no cars, motorcycles or bicycles (powered or not). Some people might reasonably point out that it's Not Fair™ that those places are only accessible to people who are willing to walk 63 miles and live out of a backpack for six to nine days. But I'm not so sure "fairness" is really applicable to arguments about whether the High Sierra Trail or the John Muir Trail should be opened up to motorcycles, mountain bikes or e-bikes (let alone RVs, etc).