Provided the shifter is the same, 5 gear, 7 gear, or whatever, the new trigger shifter will index the same as a twist. But don't try to replace a 5 speed twist with a 9 speed trigger, or such. You can get away with matching a 7 speed freewheel with 8 speed shifter though. It won't index perfect, but tune it to run good on the gear you use most of the time.
One good option is to replace the shifter with an old school, non indexed handlebar mount shifter. Another is to just lock the front derailur on the big ring. Toss the front twist shifter. Then you can mount the rear twist shifter on the left side, upside down.
Using a throttle with a trigger shifter works fine, you merely need to mount it far enough away to not interfere with the lever. About 1/4 inch usually does it. All you need is two fingers on the brake lever. Not like you have a lot of strength in your pinikes.