In this other thread I think fechter describes the whole thing power thing well:
http://endless-sphere.com/forums/viewtopic.php?f=3&t=4940#p73744
http://endless-sphere.com/forums/viewtopic.php?f=3&t=4940#p73744
fechter said:Using a 36v, 20ah battery vs. a 72v, 10ah gives you the same total energy. Since your controller is limiting you to 20 amps, you could get twice the running time at 36v.
The other piece of it is that at 36v, your motor will only go half as fast as it could at 72v. Your top speed will be much lower, which reduces wind resistance, so your range would actually be more than doubled at the lower speed.
If you rode at exactly the same speed with either setup, the range would be nearly the same.
Another weirdness is that at the higher voltage, the motor will get more current at low speeds even though the input current to the controller is the same. This results in more available torque on takeoff and hill climbing.