This is one I do a lot actually. On long tours, I need to go low and low power to make range stretch to the max.
On a lighter bike, 250w will get you faster, but not 20 mph. figure with pedaling 18 mph travel is reasonable. In reality, you won't really use 250w continuous if your real world max wattage is 250w.
So amps x volts is watts, and amp hours x volts is watt hours. Figure two hours of riding at 200w to go 30+ miles, and you need a 400 watt hour battery.
A 36v 10 ah will do the trick, but it will use up 100%. Later on, as the pack ages, it won't have 100% anymore, so a 36v 15 ah for the win if you need 30 miles range every day for a commute.