I am a man, but i have lived in a few very rough areas over the years. What i have learned from my countless wandering is:
Attitude is the best weapon/deterrent
If you walk around acting like your going to get mugged, you probably are. The mindset is key. You can NOT think like prey, YOU MUST BE THE PREDATOR. When i find myself in the woods, the country roads, or walking around any city at night, i act and behave as tho I AM THE ONE WHO SHOULD BE FEARED. Even if i am alone i never assume the prey role. Would-be Muggers should be afraid of me, and i do whatever i must to ensure that is the case. Drug users/dealers should be afraid to look me in the eyes, people committing crimes around me should see me and stop what they are doing and wait for me to pass the area.
there is a lot of ways to do this like body posture (shows confidence and can intimidate), eye contact (can be used to assess other peoples intent), confidence, dialogue (talking to people and putting them on the defensive right away), combat training (which adds confidence), having and being willing to use a weapon (i always have a boot knife on me) and many more.
When you get into a situation and you are not afraid, it shows. People can pick up on it. For example: If you get followed into a slightly secluded area by 2 people, you can
A) start walking faster away from them, try not to turn around and look at them, maybe start trying to get your phone out. (by the time cops got there you'd be dead or worse)
B) Just start sprinting (maybe you are fast and can get to another area)
C) When you notice them you can STOP DEAD, Stand tall, Turn around and look them in the eyes, DEMAND their attention with your burning gaze. You can shout at them "I Know your following me! You wanna go! Let's F*cking do IT!" Challenge them, grab something to use as a weapon, take out your belt if it has a heavy buckle and use it as a whip. Scream obscenities at them like you have nothing to loose. (you don't, this could be life or death). Call them names, act like you would rip out one of their eyes if you had the chance. F*cking start charging them like a bear would.
- Chances are with C they would not even want the headache, they probably wouldn't bother. I bet they would turn around and walk away asap. In fact this thing has happened to me many times. People want an easy meal, they don't want to fight.
Don't act like a zebra or the hyenas will chase you. Act like a Lion and don't be afraid to fight.