Lock
100 MW
http://www.atraverda.com/index.html
Ebonex® ceramic is a metallic-type conductor having a conductivity that is comparable to that of carbon but with superior oxidation resistance. Its crystal structure of the titanium suboxides make for a combination of corrosion resistance, oxidation resistance and electrical conductivity.
The parent structure is rutile titanium dioxide, which can be described as a network of TiO6 octahedra sharing edges in a plane and edges along the axis perpendicular to that plane.
The titanium suboxides (TinO2n-1) can be defined as a sheared rutile structure, accommodating the oxygen deficiency in the structure by the formation of crystal shear planes along the nth plane of octahedral.
For example, Ti407 has one TiO layer for every 3 TiO2 layers. The TiO plane is attached to the adjacent TiO2 plane via shared faces instead of shared edges as in rutile titania. The result is a conductive band intimately surrounded by titania. The conductivity of Ebonex® ceramic material arises from the TiO layers and the chemical resistance from the TiO2 layers sandwiching and protecting the TiO layer.
What is a bi-polar battery?
A bi-polar lead-acid battery is made up of a stack of bi-polar electrodes connected in series. Each electrode, except the monopoles at each end, has one side of a conducting partitioning wall covered with porous lead, which is the negative side of the bi-polar electrode, and the other side (the positive), covered with porous lead dioxide. Since current can pass only through the end electrodes, it will flow perpendicular to all electrode surfaces at uniform current density and the active materials will be efficiently utilised with a minimum of internal resistance.
Why bi-polar is best
Proven Benefits / Advantages Compared to VRLA
• More Powerful
- Higher Specific Energy (Wh/kg)
- Higher Energy Density (Wh/l)
• Smaller - 40% Volume Reduction Compared to Equivalent Power Valve Regulated Lead Acid (VRLA)
• Lighter – 30% Weight Reduction Compared to Equivalent Power VRLA
• Double cycle life when compared to standard VRLA battery
• More Environmentally Friendly (ca. 50% reduction in lead)
• Significants Reduction in Raw Materials
• Repeatable & Scaleable
• Significantly Reduced CapEx
• Significantly Reduced Manufacturing Footprint
• Disruptive Technology
Ebonex® ceramic is a metallic-type conductor having a conductivity that is comparable to that of carbon but with superior oxidation resistance. Its crystal structure of the titanium suboxides make for a combination of corrosion resistance, oxidation resistance and electrical conductivity.
The parent structure is rutile titanium dioxide, which can be described as a network of TiO6 octahedra sharing edges in a plane and edges along the axis perpendicular to that plane.
The titanium suboxides (TinO2n-1) can be defined as a sheared rutile structure, accommodating the oxygen deficiency in the structure by the formation of crystal shear planes along the nth plane of octahedral.
For example, Ti407 has one TiO layer for every 3 TiO2 layers. The TiO plane is attached to the adjacent TiO2 plane via shared faces instead of shared edges as in rutile titania. The result is a conductive band intimately surrounded by titania. The conductivity of Ebonex® ceramic material arises from the TiO layers and the chemical resistance from the TiO2 layers sandwiching and protecting the TiO layer.
What is a bi-polar battery?
A bi-polar lead-acid battery is made up of a stack of bi-polar electrodes connected in series. Each electrode, except the monopoles at each end, has one side of a conducting partitioning wall covered with porous lead, which is the negative side of the bi-polar electrode, and the other side (the positive), covered with porous lead dioxide. Since current can pass only through the end electrodes, it will flow perpendicular to all electrode surfaces at uniform current density and the active materials will be efficiently utilised with a minimum of internal resistance.
Why bi-polar is best
Proven Benefits / Advantages Compared to VRLA
• More Powerful
- Higher Specific Energy (Wh/kg)
- Higher Energy Density (Wh/l)
• Smaller - 40% Volume Reduction Compared to Equivalent Power Valve Regulated Lead Acid (VRLA)
• Lighter – 30% Weight Reduction Compared to Equivalent Power VRLA
• Double cycle life when compared to standard VRLA battery
• More Environmentally Friendly (ca. 50% reduction in lead)
• Significants Reduction in Raw Materials
• Repeatable & Scaleable
• Significantly Reduced CapEx
• Significantly Reduced Manufacturing Footprint
• Disruptive Technology
