I found the root cause.
The “compatible” backplane/power supply board I purchased from Tao is slightly misaligned relative to the connector (approximately 0.2 mm offset).
As a result, one of the two “DC Enable” contacts (located opposite the CAN pins) does not make proper contact with DC- when the board is inserted.
After temporarily bridging this pin to DC- with a thin wire, the rectifier started immediately and has been operating normally since.
So the issue was purely mechanical (connector alignment), not a firmware or CAN-related problem.