Two things.
1) Order the display. It looks like it's only $10 shipped on Aliexpress.
2) Contact the guy who wrote this article
GitHub - teixeluis/escooter-lcd-esc-decode: Chinese JP e-Scooter ESC to LCD serial protocol decoding
In the ebike world, a lot of the controllers that use displays can function without them, defaulting to a single pedal assist level and a throttle input. A jumper connector is used that turns on the controller without the display, and the throttle and pedal sensor are connected separately. The communications that normally passes between the display and controller never initiates, so the controller starts without it.
In your case, you don't have have pedal assist, and the throttle is built into the display. Your broken display would have to have enough functionality to power up the throttle. And if it works like ebike controllers, you would have to disable the serial data leads and activate the jumper manually. But ask that guy if the scooter controller can run this way. Maybe by the time he answers you, the display you ordered will be in your mailbox, The danger is if you don't know what you;re doing, you will probably blow up the controller playing around with jumpers on the power leads.