Mystery - what's not right? Could be the BMS battery, or ???

greenspark

100 W
Joined
Oct 23, 2011
Messages
176
In December 11, I installed a Cute100F kit and a BMS 36v 8.8a/h bottle battery. The motor seemed a bit noisy going up hills, but I had nothing to compare it to.
On 15 January, it stopped. Heading out my driveway, power, then quit. Nothing. Freshly charged battery.
Steven Deng suggested I should change the controller (I had purchased an extra EC009 and EC012 since they are cheap, and shipping is expensive.)
Replaced the kit controller with a EC009 Controller that looked identical.
While doing this, I found that the positive (+) connector between the battery and the controller was melted. High heat spot.
When I ran a test, the motor gave off a very loud noise for a few seconds and then it would quit, as if there was a safety cut out. See http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hfMe579T208&feature=channel. The new EC012 did the same thing.
So I ordered a MXUS Kit from Paul. It arrived a few days ago.
I installed it with the same 36v battery. The lights would light up on the thumb throttle, but no motor sound or movement. Disconnected everything except motor, Hall sensors, power and thumb. No change.

Paul suggested I should run a few tests. I have his 48V battery with a MAC Torque 500 kit on the other bike.

I disconnected the 36v battery and hooked up the 48V and tried both controllers

48V battery using the MAC controller to drive the MXUS motor - works fine
48V battery using the MXUS controller to drive the MXUS motor - lights up, but the motor does not turn or make noise.
48V battery using the MAC controller Deng's Cute 100 motor - works fine and sounds quieter. This was a pleasant surprise, so I tried:
48V battery using the CUTE kit controller on the Cute 100 motor - worked fine as well which suggested that it quit because of the melted connector. Previously when I fixed the connector, I only tested the Cute 100 with the EC009, not the original controller.

At this point one would conclude the problem is the MXUS controller. However, the plot thickens.

While I was running these various tests, the safety switch on the bottom of the 36v bottle battery stopped working, as if it had welded itself in the on position. I fabricated a new safety switch on the + wire.

When I finished the tests, I had one working 36v 17amp maximum controller that came with the Cute100 kit, and two working motors, the Cute100 and the MXUS, both 36V 17 amp max motors.

So I took the Cute Kit controller and installed it with the MXUS motor still on the bike. I hooked up the 36v bottle battery and I turned on the switch, expecting it to work like the 48V test, but nothing happened. But here is where it gets strange.

If I disconnect power to the controller, the battery tests as 41V
But if I reconnect the controller, and throw the safety switch, the battery tests at 1Volt. If I press the thumb throttle the motor does not move or make any noise. I don't hear any sizzling sounds or see or smell smoke.
So I left everything else just as before, and just swapped out the 36V bottle battery for the 48V. On 48v the motor runs fine, just as in the original tests.
I then put the 36V back on, but left the negative wire off while I checked voltage. The voltage read 41V, just as it always has.
I then moved the negative wire in to connect to the battery, to see if the voltage would drop.
Instead, it sparked like an arc welder, blackening the wire. Note that I was not touching the throttle, just hooking up power. Yes, batteries spark when being hooked up, but this is different, this was a lot more electricity jumping.
At that point, I unplugged everything, quit, came inside and wrote this query.

My understanding of batteries is not great, but I had presumed that if it is showing voltage, it's working.
Why would the 48V battery show power readings when it is hooked up to the controller and work, but when I replace it with the 36V the voltage drops to 1 volt as soon as it is connected to the controller and the safety switch turned? The kit controller is set up for 36v, but it only works with the 48v battery.

My findings:

1) Both motors are fine
2) The MXUS controller may have a problem since it does not work with anything. However, Paul tested it with the kit before it was sent out and it did work at that time.
3) The EC009 and EC012 controllers may have some sort of Hall sensor conflict. Two people have suggested this. No idea how to sort that one. This could be a clue or a red herring.
4) Is the melted positive discovered in January on the original kit connector between the battery and controller a clue, or a red herring?
5) Is the failure today in "on" position of the safety switch on the bottom of the 36v bottle battery a clue or irrelevant?
6) Conclusion: Something between the Cute100 kit controller and the BMS bottle battery is wrong... and that is the mystery.

Is it possible for a battery to have full power yet produce this seemingly shorted-out behaviour when connected to the controller, even when the same controller does fine with the 48V battery? What sort of tests can be run on a battery?

Anyone have any thoughts?

BTW, to be clear, I bought the Cute100 from Steven Deng and the the Bottle battery from BMS because Paul was on holiday, and I wanted to see how these two other Chinese vendors performed (not so good). In the future, I will only buy from Paul, who sold me my first kit, the MAC 500R Torque which works fine. I may have to buy another battery, this time from Paul, so that I have a full kit from him... and then if that battery drives the Deng kit, I'll need to get a third battery!
 
If the battery has a BMS, and either an overcurrent or undervoltage condition is caused on the battery, the BMS would cut off power (voltage) to the controller.

If something is shorted inside the controller, drawing a very high current, the BMS would turn off and you'd get no voltage.

It could also be the cause of your 48V battery sparking much greater than expected, if it's BMS does not cut off on such overcurrent (or if it doesn't have one).
 
amberwolf said:
If the battery has a BMS, and either an overcurrent or undervoltage condition is caused on the battery, the BMS would cut off power (voltage) to the controller.
If something is shorted inside the controller, drawing a very high current, the BMS would turn off and you'd get no voltage.
It could also be the cause of your 48V battery sparking much greater than expected, if it's BMS does not cut off on such overcurrent (or if it doesn't have one).

Thanks amberwolf for the quick reply.

Just for clarity, the 48v battery does not spark excessively, it's the 36v.

So what you are saying is that the 36v controller will run the motor with a 48v (testing at 51v), but when I put the 36/41v battery on, draw in the controller kicks off the battery management system in the 36v battery, thus it drops power to 1v. The bottle battery says "Undervoltage 28V, Overvoltage 42V, Maximum discharge current 20A" My understanding is that the controller and motor is set up for 17A max. The bigger battery is cell man's 52V 11.5Ah triangle A123 Pack with a 30 amp BMS. What could be drawing such juice, if the motor is not moving or humming?

What seems weird is that on the 36v I have four controllers, and not one works. Three are new, the other one quit after a month.

Could the battery be defective somehow, or is it pointing to the controller?
 
A voltmeter or Turnigy watt meter will show you if that is the problem.

I think a dead controller may be part of this.
 
neptronix said:
A voltmeter or Turnigy watt meter will show you if that is the problem.
I think a dead controller may be part of this.

Can you tell me how to use a volt meter to diagnose the problem? I'm learning electronics 101 the dangerous way.
 
If you wanted to diagnose whether or not a battery was cutting out..
Hook a voltmeter between the battery and the controller.

Watch the voltage when you hit the throttle.

If it dips down below the low voltage cutoff of your controller, or the battery output goes to 0v, then yeah, something is cutting out..
 
neptronix said:
If you wanted to diagnose whether or not a battery was cutting out..
Hook a voltmeter between the battery and the controller. Watch the voltage when you hit the throttle. If it dips down below the low voltage cutoff of your controller, or the battery output goes to 0v, then yeah, something is cutting out..
Are you saying that I should unplug the wire between the battery and controller and then relink them with the voltmeter and then press the throttle (so that all power is flowing through the voltmeter)?

As it is now, when I have the battery "-" disconnected from the controller, and I put the voltmeter on the "+" and "-", it reads 41v. I then shut the safety switch off, connect both wires to the controller, and when I throw the safety switch the voltmeter reads 1v. If I then try to disconnect the "-" and leave the volt meter on, and try connect the "-: wire to see what happens, it arcs like a welder.

If something is cutting out, what should I be looking for?
 
Aw man, you have some learning to do in regards to electronics 101 :p

You need a 'T' connection that keeps the battery plugged into the controller, but allows a second set of wires to come out for the multimeter..

good way to visualize it is kinda like one of my parallel harnesses.
17_parallelharness.jpg


See how this allows for a secondary set of wires in between? you'd plug the voltmeter in that way.

OR... just use something like a turnigy watt meter inline.
Do you know how to solder?

What this would do is give you a real-time readout of your voltage.

If your BMS was cutting power, you'd see it go down to 0-1v.
if your voltage was going below the controller's low voltage cutoff ( probably about 30v ), you'd see the voltage gradually dip down to 30v but the controller would suddenly turn off or not put out power..


That's just one way to diagnose whether the BMS or controller LVC is acting up.
 
neptronix said:
If your BMS was cutting power, you'd see it go down to 0-1v.
if your voltage was going below the controller's low voltage cutoff ( probably about 30v ), you'd see the voltage gradually dip down to 30v but the controller would suddenly turn off or not put out power..
That's just one way to diagnose whether the BMS or controller LVC is acting up.
Thanks Neptronix,
Yes, I do know how to solder, and was able to do the diagnosis by holding the meter wires on the hot and cold battery instead of hard-wiring the meter wires in. From what you are saying, the BMS is cutting power. It reads 41v (allowable is 42v) until I turn on the safety switch to send power to the controller. It then drops to 1 volt. If instead of hard-wired in I leave the safety switch on, and touch the negative wire to the connector, it sends an arc of electricity that suggests it wants a big draw.

So, why is this happening? The BMS sounds like it is doing its job, but what is the controller doing to cause the BMS to kick in? Note that with the 48v battery, the controller and motor and thumb throttle seem to work just fine. What should I be looking for?

Maybe I am just beginning electronics 102... I understand how to fabricate (crimp or solder) wires and connectors and how to use a meter to test voltage. What I don't understand is what is going on inside the two black boxes... battery and controller and I would rather get advice than learn that I just fried something out of ignorance.
 
electronics 101 is a very big book, thousands of pages with lot's of diagrams. What page are you on ? It sounds that it may be a bms problem on that bottle battery.
 
999zip999 said:
electronics 101 is a very big book, thousands of pages with lot's of diagrams. What page are you on ? It sounds that it may be a bms problem on that bottle battery.
Is the high arc when connecting the live negative to the controller normal? It may be that the bms is shutting down because there is a current draw.

However, if it is the bms, how do I isolate that and what is the cure (other than tossing a $200 battery that was new in December)?
 
what is the safety switch? where is it located in the wiring from the battery to the controller?

this was too complicated to even half follow and there are no pictures of the battery so no way to know what you are talking about.

melted connections is usually from a poor connection that overheated. as in broken wires or non crimped. always solder current carrying connections.

the spark when you hook up the controller is normal and is the current surge that fills the capacitors on the input.

ps: if you wanna toss the battery, lemme know and i will add it to my collection of fixit projects.
 
dnmun said:
what is the safety switch? where is it located in the wiring from the battery to the controller?
this was too complicated to even half follow and there are no pictures of the battery so no way to know what you are talking about.
melted connections is usually from a poor connection that overheated. as in broken wires or non crimped. always solder current carrying connections.
the spark when you hook up the controller is normal and is the current surge that fills the capacitors on the input. .
file.php

Hi dnmun,

I've done a quick CAD sketch which I attach.

The BMS bottle battery came with a safety switch on the bottom of the can. It seems to have fused in the live position, so turning it off does not cut power. This happened while I was installing and testing the new MXUS kit. So, to be safe I cut the hot wire between the battery and the controller, and installed a simple on-off switch on the hot wire.

The connector was supplied by the vendor (Deng) and I did solder and crimp it. I am wondering if it is a symptom of something else going wrong (i.e. too much current flowing) rather than the normal weak point.

I am familiar with the spark when hooking up the controller. This spark was different. It blacked the post. It did it twice and resembled my arc welder, not the normal spark of an e-bike. Again, I am wondering if this is a clue.
 

Attachments

  • safety switch.JPG
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Does your 36v battery have plugs where the cell voltage wires conect to the BMS circuit board? if so unplug them and then reconnect, this can reset the BMS if that has tripped. If that is not the case it looks to me like a faulty BMS.

Simon.
 
When I installed my MXUS kit, it wouldn't run till I closed the ebrake circuit.
 
motomech said:
When I installed my MXUS kit, it wouldn't run till I closed the ebrake circuit.
Yup, checked that one... Paul recommended only hooking up the thumb, motor and battery, and it worked on 48v, but not when I go to 36v
 
I bought a http://BMSBattery.com bottle battery last December. About a month later, the Cute100F motor quit. I discovered that among other things, one of the battery connectors hooking it to the controller had melted. I fully charged the battery. It tested at 41v and gave off a larger-than-normal spark (a welding-quality, blacken-the-connectors spark) when I would attach it to the controller. After a few tests changing components (other controllers and motors), the built in switch on the bottle battery fused in the on-position. I wired in a switch and tested the battery again. It would read 41v with the switch off and about 1v with the switch on. To confirm it was the battery, I hooked up a Greensparke 36v ebike battery that turned the same motor and controller just fine. I contacted Judy at BMS who sent me a new BMS for the bottle battery, but of course no instructions as to what to do.

I know little about electricity, but I can do mechanical things like soldering. I can figure things out, but with electricity sometimes "things" are not so forgiving resulting in pain or $200 paperweights.

Question:

The battery is fully charged. I need to replace the BMS. Can I do this with a fully-charged battery? I presume I will have to solder the BMS wires, although I may have enough room to splice the old and new together.

If I should not do this with a fully-charged battery, how do I safely discharge it, noting that the battery won't work hooking it up to the motor to run it down the normal way. I do have various 120v and 230v lightbulbs that I could hook up. Any and all advice would be gratefully appreciated.

The specs from BMS battery are as follows:

Bottle battery pack 36V8.8Ah Specification:
Chemical Li-NiCoMn
Capacity 8.8Ah
4P10S Li-NiCoMn 2.2Ah 18650 cells.
Undervoltage 28V
Overvoltage 42V
Normal voltage: 36V.
Continuous discharge current: 10A
Charge current: 2.5A.
Maximum discharge current 20A
Maximum Charge Current 5A

BMS - Battery management system for 10S Li_Ion Battery Cells
Specification:
Voltage Balancing Voltage 4.20±0.025V
Current Balancing Current - each cell 84±10mA
Static Current-each cell ≤20µA
Maximum Charge Current 5A
Maximum Continuous Discharge Current 10A
Charging Over Voltage Protection - each cell Charging Over Voltage Protection Detecting 4.250±0.025V
Charging Over Voltage Detecting Delay Time 0.5S-2S
Charging Over Voltage Protection Release 4.1±0.025V
Discharge Under Voltage Protection - each cell Discharge Under Voltage Protection Detecting 2.50±0.062V
Discharge Under Voltage Protection Delay Time 50mS - 200mS
Discharge Under Voltage Protection Release 3.0±0.1V
Over Current Protection Over Current Detection Voltage 0.2±0.02V
Over Current Detection 65±10A
Over Current Detection Delay Time 5mS - 20mS
Over Current Protection Release To disconnect load and recover automatically
Short Circuit Protection Short Circuit Protection Delay Time 200µs - 500µs
Short Circuit Protection Release To remove the short circuit and recover automatically
Impedance Protection Circuit(Mosfets) ≤20mΩ
 
Typically a bms is just connected with a multi pin plug. No problem to connect it with a full charge. You won't ( well shouldn't)see a big spark like you do when connecting to a controller.
 
Update: It did not kill me, but it was not as easy as unplugging. Three wires had to be soldered in, and one of them had to go to a new placement on the circuit board, requiring I patch in an extension. But in the end, it works, which is what matters. The old BMS show discoloration on some of the parts... not sure why it went bad, but it was the problem.
 
Sounds like you need a precharge resistor.

Your controller may have larger caps than many infineon controllers.
 
BMS 1069.jpg It turns out that Simon (Tench) got it right. The problem was the BMS. Shown is the old and the new. BMSbattery.com did send me a replacement BMS for free, however, I had to pay the shipping, so I ordered an extra one, since they are not very expensive.

The replacement appears to be a newer version, and it did require three soldering points... and they moved one of the wires (see yellow arrow), so I had to patch in a jumper... all being done whilst hooked up to a fully charged 41v battery. It worked in the end, but I did take it slow to make sure I did not do something wrong. So now the BMSbattery.com battery is run through Steven Deng's controller to Cell Man's MXUS motor, and it still runs a bit loud. I'm waiting for Cell Man's battery and controller to arrive in the post, so I shall be fully cut over to a system known to be compatible.

In the end, therefore, it was not the CUTE100 motor or its controller, sold to me by Steven Deng that was defective. It was the BMS battery. However, Steven Deng's failure to be of any assistance crosses him off my Christmas card list. I won't buy from him in the future. Judy at BMS was better, although by this time, I was just asking for a part, not a diagnosis - ask her a technical question and there is not a useful answer. Lesson learned, I just placed my 3rd order with Englishman Paul (Cell Man), the only one of the three in China who has any sense of customer service. I still like the bottle battery design, but Paul's 123 batteries are said to be better.
 
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