I'm no genius, Dnmun is far more knowlegable about chargers and batteries than I am. But if you insult him, he won't help you.
I'm not so sure an adapter will make your 220v input charger run on 110. But if you have a 220 plug, like a stove or dryer plug then you can use that with an adapter.
On the discharge end, use a voltmeter to determine which of the two prongs is +. If you have the + voltmeter probe on the + wire from the charger it will read a positive number. A negative before the number means you have the probe on the - wire. Make sure you have the red wire in the right hole on the voltmeter.
The middle prong you can just ignore. It's just there because the manufacturer is misusing an AC computer plug to save money.
Back to the motor, it should be fairly obvious if you untape the plug, whether you have a brushed 2 wire plug, or the brushless 3 wire plug.