Hall sensors are small switches that tell the controller what position the moving parts inside the motor currently are, they toggle on/off relative to the magnets inside the motor passing over a North or South face magnetic pole.
If your motor has Hall sensors ( and some do not ) the motor will have 3 thick power wires, and 5 smaller gauge wires, the smaller gauge wires are for the hall sensors... usually
-black
-red
-Blue
-Green
-Yellow
the black/red are power, the other 3 represent signal.