Moving the caliper away from the frame with washers means repeated shear loading on the bolts. Depending on the bolts, etc., the repeated bending back and forth has the potential to break them and leave you unable to brake (or to have the caliper get tangled up in the rotor and lockup the wheel).
Spacing the rotor away from the motor, with the right kind of spacer and sufficient bolt pressure, has a different kind of loading on that extension, which is unlikely to fail in the same way. Spacers for this purpose specifically are commonly available, as are longer bolts.
So if I were doing it, I'd put the spacers on the rotor, not the caliper, though 2cm is quite a distance.