Question regarding AC Induction motor rotors

iti_uk

100 µW
Joined
Feb 13, 2012
Messages
8
Hi all.

What is the significance of the number of induction bars on the rotor of an ACIM? Is there a general rule of thumb as there is with other PM motors? Do more bars reduce cogging? Are the limitations more down to manufacturability reasons?

It seems to me that with a slipping field, number of bars would not be critical, but I'm only guessing and would like to be corrected.

TIA

Chris
 
I went looking and here is some of what I found. Hopefully it will help you a bit.

Numbers Of Rotor/Stator Slots For Reliance Electric 180-440T TEFC Motors:
http://www.reliance.com/mtr/pcrssmn.htm

From: http://maintenanceforums.com/eve/forums/a/tpc/f/7161085912/m/8621030173
There are a number of rough thumbrules used in motor design, but they won't get you very far since one manufacturer may build a motor differently than another manufacturer even when the specs are the same.

Stator slots will usually be a multiple of 6. The exception may be slow speed motors which may be a fractional slot configuration.

Generally speaking, as the torque rating (horsepower/speed) goes up, the number of stator slots goes up.

For a given number of stator slots N1, there are general restrictions on number of rotor slots N2:
The following general "thumbrules" are taken from Electrical Apparatus Magazine June 2005 "The importance of Slot Combination on Motor Design" by R. Nailen:
|N1-N2| < > P +/- 2 where P is number of poles
|N1-N2| < > 3 * m * P where p is integer
|N1-N2| < > 5 * P
N2 should be above or below N1 by at least 15 bars or 25% of N1.
N2 is generally not odd
N2 should not be twice a prime number
N2 should not be divisible by the number of poles
Some designers prefer N1 > N2 although there are lots of exceptions
N1/N2 = 24/19 is a relatively common ratio


Again, there are very few guarantees of what we can predict just based on the horsepower, speed etc. Your best bet is having a count or access to a list or info from the manufacturer.

• Skew is an angular twist of a slot away from the axial direction.
• Typical skew is one stator slot pitch.
• The purpose of the skew is to reduce spatial harmonics in the air-gap flux that are
introduced by a finite number of slots and the slotting combination.


Typical results of skewing are as follows:
• Reduction of induced EMF in bar, improved voltage waveform
• Higher rotor leakage reactance and less torque
• Skewed bars have a current that has a circumferential component which develops
a small axial force which imposes additional load on bearings
• Nonuniform air gap flux increases core and stray losses
• Improved speed-torque characteristics, including elimination of locking torque at
zero speed and cusps at various speeds
• Reduced likehood of electrical noise problems
 
Thanks for the reply.

I can't see anywhere stating that the calculation presented in the quote is for induction motors, is this applicable to both PM and induction setups?

Chris

edit:

If I could further clarify my question, coming from another angle;

What would be the effect on efficiency, power, smoothness etc. if the rotor was created in the way shown in my quick CAD snapshot (attached). In this I have only shown what would be the aluminium (or copper) "bars", the void in the middle of the part being filled with laminated iron, as in a normal squirrel cage rotor. How would this work inside a 4 pole 3 phase stator? (p.s. I didn't bother drawing the bars skewed - it was a 2 min job to illustrate my question)
 

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