Souping up a NEWWAY NW36-250b (kingsmotorbikes controller)

KnightMB,

Oil cooled is meant as per the description of the said mods, not any other way. Go read them, bottom of the first page.

Yes, you understood correctly that oil is to be used as a heat transfer medium, and that this use of oil as heat transfer medium is what makes the controller oil cooled. This is by opposition to keeping it air cooled such as it was in stock form.

I won't ask you again what makes you think that an active cooling system is required if oilcooled, when you suggest passive air cooling would otherwise be more then adequate, since I've asked twice allready and all I got was a nonsensical argument that does not adress the question at hand. You may as well say the computers are a bad example since they don't support your theory... Cooling a computer is not much different from a transformer, or a controller, it's just that cooling of computers is better documented on the net, and they mostly have built-in temp sensors to keep things accurate.

A computer in oil tank stays content beeing passively cooled, whereas removing the fans in an aircooled computer will make it malfunction within seconds and pop within minutes. Also, to get comapareable results to a passive oil system using air requires an active system (fans). This demonstrates that passive air cooling is quite drasticly less effective then passive oil cooling, more detail on this later on. But I like your idea of a fan in the case, that ought to work, though I don't see how it could be made to fit in there.



I do plan to cool the entire controller with oil, as per the mod's description, bottom of the first page. The buss bar is not melting it's the solder around it, look at the pics? And yeah, thicker wire I've allready thought of. So vegetable oil as a poor choice for cooling, well it was the first that came to mind in describing the mod, having seen a computer run fanless while dunked in the stuff. There's a crapload of other fluids that would be suitable, but at this point mineral, silicon and PAO are the top 3 oil candidates for various reasons. And though I've been reading up for days, I've not come across a description of this mineral oil used in X-rays and partical accelerators that you're talking about, may be interesting. If you were thinking about flourinert such as used in some larger computers though, I'm not considering it due to ridiculous evaporation rate and price.



The circuit board conducts heat (PCB .25 W/mK, Copper 400 W/mK). Air is an insulator (.025 W/mK) compared to the board, so heat builds up on the board and it's components. Heat is likely to be why the cap was cramming, but also the blackening of the PCB due to heat means carbon, this results in a conductive path that leads to erratic behaviour and premature failure. This is a bad thing. Now air is an insulator (0.025 W/mK) compared to oil (0.180 W/mK). And so, oil does a much better job then air at removing heat from components/circuit board, transfering it onto the case to be dissipated. So the entire case should feel warm and be a suitable place to put a heatsink.

In other words, having the controller filled with air keeps heat around the components more effectively then oil, this explains why mine stayed cool with just warm spots where the fets were clamped on, and where the pcb got near 200 degrees. Except of course for the time the solder finally went, then the entire case got hot...

Even having agreed that air is an insulator compared to oil, you still hold the idea that an oil cooled controller will keep the controller's components hotter then an aircooled equivalent, so I've thought of a mod for you to try: Line the inside of your controller real thick with pink fiberglass insulation, that'll optimise the cooling of the components so much that the entire case will stay cold, no more heat issues!

Air is better then oil kinda like the way fibreglass insulation is better then air...

-------------------------------------




Latest iteration of the controller mod has AWG12 coming in, splitting into AWG14 and the shortened thinner stock cables. In other words, the bussbar has been mostly circumvented, with the double effect of neutralising that heat source and removing this controller's amp limiting capabilities...

Used lead-free solder for pretty much everything, it does take much more heat to melt. My 40w iron was about right for most of the stuff, but not hot enoufgh to do a clean job on the junction of the big power wires, for that I had to use leaded solder instead.

IMG_5237.jpg


IMG_5238.jpg



Edit: Wattage went from 0 and started climbing exponentially after plugging it in, so I yanked the cord, but not before smoke came out... Took maybe two secs?
 
Mathurin said:
KnightMB,

Oil cooled is meant as per the description of the said mods, not any other way. Go read them, bottom of the first page.

Yes, you understood correctly that oil is to be used as a heat transfer medium, and that this use of oil as heat transfer medium is what makes the controller oil cooled. This is by opposition to keeping it air cooled such as it was in stock form.

I won't ask you again what makes you think that an active cooling system is required if oilcooled, when you suggest passive air cooling would otherwise be more then adequate, since I've asked twice allready and all I got was a nonsensical argument that does not adress the question at hand. You may as well say the computers are a bad example since they don't support your theory... Cooling a computer is not much different from a transformer, or a controller, it's just that cooling of computers is better documented on the net, and they mostly have built-in temp sensors to keep things accurate.

[Sorry, cut the rest off to make the quote shorter]

Well I'm not sure what else to say. I thought I already explained all this in the earlier post. I thought we were in agreement that you only want to use the oil as a heat transfer medium. In that, my suggestion for a circulating oil system becomes moot. Then you asked why I suggested air cooling (be it passive or active) and my answer was that the oil will eat through the components for one and that it may be easier to use an active/passive cooling system instead of an oil based system. The whole reason our power controllers have metal cooling fins is to get the heat out of the controller. What I'm suggesting is that the oil will interfere with that design and keep the heat in where it doesn't belong because it will be in contact with the side of the controller that is hot and as you've pointed out many times, oil conducts heat much better than air. If things are melting in the controller, then there is a heat/resistance issue. Filling the controller with oil only means instead of a localized runaway heat condition, the entire controller will be subjected to the runaway heat condition. So the bussbar will be fine, but everything else will melt. If it can melt the metal, imagine what will happen to a cheap cap or diode or resistor.

There really shouldn't be any reason to stop you from trying, I'm just one guy on the Internet who doesn't agree with you. I've said my peace on the subject and if you do this mod and it works great then wonderful. It won't hurt my feelings if it is a great success, really it won't :wink:
 
When I plugged in the controller, it read 0w, then 3. Up to that point things were normal since the DB sometimes read between 0 and 3w for the controller (7-11 ish with the light turned on) but the wattage kept increasing apparently exponentially 'till it reached 250-ish when the smoke
came out, before I could pull the cord.

The smoke came out of a cap that seems to have something to do with either the hall sensors, or perhaps driving of fets:

IMG_5240.jpg



Incidentally, the motor and halls were not plugged in when I powered it up, the grey loop was disconnected and the throttle was not connected either. It's a bit of a mystery since nothing else appeared to be obviously wrong. But, I'm guessing this happenned because of the halls not beeing plugged in.


Opening the controller back up was kinda tedious, installing heatsinks there had required grinding off the side of the controller so the screws required a bit of attention with a dremel:
IMG_5239.jpg



Having replaced the cap with same value from radio-shack, I also added a copper wire to the positive trace, it's not really visible because it's melted in with the solder.

So, after closing everything up I did an all-out freewheel test with the controller outside it's box... 53amps, finally some reasonnable numbers!

The voltage regulator in the corner opposite the wires got warm quickly though.



---------------



KnightMB,

Edit: Allright, so here are some questions...


"Your going to need the kind that x-ray machines and particle accelerators use which is insanely expensive ($466+ a gallon)" - KnightMB

Name that mineral oil that I will need to use for my application?

Why can't I use say, syltherm XLT or a PAO based oil as have recently been replacing ester & mineral ones?



"The bike will be using a lot more power and the controllers are composed of much less efficient electronics for heat and resistance to be more cost effective." - KnightMB

Why do you insist on the difference in power consumption since immersion cooling is the preffered method for high power applications, or how does more heat justify using a means known to be inferior at getting it out?



"Plus, with a liquid system, vegetable oil or other type acts like a solvent. Unless you have everything lined with aluminum, it will spring a leak eventually." - KnightMB

Why does everything has to be lined with aluminium in a liquid system, and why does coolanol 25R states it should not be used with aluminium unless it's anodised, given it's designed for liquid cooling of electonics?



"It might be a terminology mix up, but oil cooled implies that oil will be flowing through a system of some type. Otherwise it's not oil cooled, it's oil inside of the controller box transferring heat to the outside." - KnightMB

Are transformers filled with cooling oil not oilcooled?



"Then you asked why I suggested air cooling (be it passive or active) and my answer was that the oil will eat through the components for one and that it may be easier to use an active/passive cooling system instead of an oil based system." - KnightMB

I asked because you've said a passive air cooled controller would be better then a passive oil cooled one, adding that the oil cooled one would suffer major damage without a system to circulate the oil:

"I suggested the passive air cooling because it will be easier to setup in my opinion and give the same benefits of a (circulating oil) cooling system,[...] - KnightMB

"The other downside is the temperature will be throughout the entire controller so a lot of components that shouldn't be that hot will be and I predict a lot of major damage if you do it that way without another type cooling system for the oil. Means you would need another system to circulate the oil for cooling, might be a bit too much trouble. The ways I've dealt with overheating is either thermal paste or large heat sinks to pull away heat." - knightmb

So how does a passive air system equal or surpass the cooling given by a passive oil system?



"[...] the problem I see is that the oil will increase the temperature of the entire case." - KnightMB

Getting more of that heat onto the case where it can be dissipated is an advantage. Keeping the case cool and the heat on the PCB with the components is a problem.



"So while the bussbar may not melt, everything else inside will be hot which could shorten the life of the electronics." - KnightMB


In a stable system, sustainable by both air and oil controllers, where both controllers are dissipating similar amounts of heat... The aircooled controller has it's heat exiting through certain spots that get much hotter then the rest of the case, such as where the fets are clamped on and the spot above the bussbar where it gets hot. Since the pcb is essentially insulated by the air, it should be pretty darned hot when the case gets warm. The oil cooled controller dissipates the heat pretty much over it's entire surface, and the inner/outer temps are much closer then in the aircooled controller. Not only that, but from beeing distributed over the entire case, there's a lot more space to put effective heatsinks.



So then, hopefully the following should correct anything else I may be misguided:

Using my controller for the exercise, explain how the inner components and pcb of an aircooled version would heat compared to a similar one used in similar conditions, except filled with oil. I'll remind you that the only connections between the PCB/components and case is through the FET's and sides of the PCB, oil still does conducts heat to the sides much more efficiantly then air does, and the PCB and copper traces still do conduct heat substantially better then then air around them. Do take into account the greater amount of heat reaching the surface to be diffused in the oil cooled system by opposition to the aircooled one. And refrain from assuming that air magicly prevents transfer of heat from one component to another, and/or that the oil cooled controller is to be used in an insulated box so as to trap the heat in for it to buildup.
 
You guys are too much! LOL
 
D-Man said:
You guys are too much! LOL

Allight, well If heat turns out to be too much I'll probably dive into the topic again, but the bussbar having been circumvented seems to adress the issue FWIW... Limit 30A for now anyways.

* knocks on wood*


Controller sorta looks like a porcupine:
 
Thanks but I've encountered a tricky problem: The controller works fine outsicde the case, but put it in and it does nothing!?

Btw, the red led on the pcb turns on with power, green light blinks "ready" and turns off while in use...


Edit: the backside of the fets has a metal peice thing, theese are directly against the controller's case well, with grease but I bet there would be an electrical contact if theese things have electricity in them. Otherwise I don't get what's going on here...


EditII: Found a short on the pos side where the red wire originally connected, there was a copper strand reaching out to touch the case, took care of that. Also the brown wire that was connected to the phase wire had been clipped but the end was sticking out. This was not a problem, except that once the fet retaining bar was screwed on, a screw went straight on it's tip, got bent out of the way. I'm guessing theese two are why the small cap blew.

But still, after clamping down the fets it no longer works. Letting the board lose in the case it works...


EditIII: Turns out the back of theese fets are drain like the middle leg, and so this means it can become positive compared to the ground. So they musy be electricly insulated, Mica would be good for this but I'll just re-use the strip thing that came with the controller. Unfortunately this also means the heat transfer won't be as good as it would be metal/metal... This seems to be a more likely explanation as to why the small cap blew.


Yet another edit: Speed is back where it belongs around 20mph, gradually tryin it with more and more untill full throttle, and it got up to 68 amps on fresh-ish batteries... Kinda close for comfort with 75a fets, but the controller stayed cold. I'm thinking two 30a fuses should do fine. It spins the wheel with less then that and tapers out fast as you accelerate, climbs hills like a tractor. Fuel consumption turned out around 20wh/km, but the batteries were hitting the cutoff after around 6A used, when accelerating full throttle. A throttle would be nice, since it spins the wheel at start.


If it holds up I'll install it cleaner.
IMG_5242.jpg
 
How high did the watts go? What speed did the bike slow down to when climbing hills or did it slow at all? Can you explain or summarize why amps increased so much?
 
I put some wick along the positive trace on mine this week, but it got so fat that it was touching the side of the box when I tried to put it back in.
I settled for just fattening up the trace with some solder but in trying to put it back together I just wanted to make sure I was reinstalling in the box correctly. Do you put the cloth betweet the FET;s and the case and then put the metal bar alone the FET ceramic and try like heck to get the screws through the cloth. Am I doing that right???

Pictures soon.. Still pretty busy at work.

Walt
 
D-Man said:
How high did the watts go? What speed did the bike slow down to when climbing hills or did it slow at all? Can you explain or summarize why amps increased so much?

>2.4Kw, but only from a start. Climbing hills depends on how fresh the batteries, if I give it too much juice on weak batteries it'll hit the cutoff, so in that case I still have to pedal uphill.

It'll slow going up any hill as the motor gives less and less power as it approches it's freewheel speed, but with fresh batteries it'll spin the tire from a stop, and torque gets much stronger as you reach ~6Km/h.

Normally the controller would act on the fet's duty cycle to limit the amps when the value measured by the bussbar reaches a certain amount. I made the controller think there's less amps passing then there really are by putting wires around the said bussbar. Plus I put much beefyer conductors leading to the fets since I thought the original conductors were starving them.

It's OK to do this since the fets are rated 75v75a. 75a continuously means 67w of heat, but they're only on a third of the time. Add switching losses and it gets higher. But in reality it usually pulls less then half this much, and the heatsinks that cover the case work so well it stays cold.



sabrewalt said:
I put some wick along the positive trace on mine this week, but it got so fat that it was touching the side of the box when I tried to put it back in.
I settled for just fattening up the trace with some solder but in trying to put it back together I just wanted to make sure I was reinstalling in the box correctly. Do you put the cloth betweet the FET;s and the case and then put the metal bar alone the FET ceramic and try like heck to get the screws through the cloth. Am I doing that right???

Pictures soon.. Still pretty busy at work.

Walt

Adding solder to a trace is a bad idea. been there, done that... Better to add a wire on the trace and solder it on.
http://www.repairfaq.org/sam/tshoot.htm#tshsde

And yeah that's right, you have to put the cloth thing between the back of the fets and the case, otherwise the controller won't work. Other electricly insulating but thermally conductive materials may be better for this, but what have you? Took me a handfull of tries and a bit of fiddling to get the screws through each time I opened it, didn't take very long last time though. 8)
 
If we ending up blowing up our controllers are these the same ones that Golden Island Machinery are selling for 38 bucks. I wonder what the shipping is.

http://www.goldenmotor.com/

Mounted my controller.. Have to go get some more no 12 zip wire for new battery connectors. Pictures soon.
 
Well, mine looks different, has only one buncha wires coming out of it.

I've been told Clyte controllers won't work with the motor.

For the moment, the only controller I know of that works with theese motors asides from the one that came with our kits is the one Velectris has that's 48v30a.

Otherwise, within a few months they should have 100v/75a max controllers that have user defineable things like max amps/speed/regen, ect. so you can have full power untill you reach the speed limit, not only that but they have an integrated DrainBrain type device, ect. Just looks incredibly awsome so far. But, it's still beeing designed, and I bet it won't come cheap...



I've found that the motor leads, the AWG14 I used on the battery and especially the computer plug thing all get warm pulling >40a for a while. gonna have to adress that.
 
Your right they are different. Just wondering where to get a spare. Are you going to try 48V??
 
Well, I may go for it if someone else does the work of figuring out how to over volt it.


It allready goes >30 and it's easy to keep 35 with pedalling. Fast, but still bike speeds. Despite the weight, going from 30 to 40 is a lot easier then on a normal bike because the 0-30 part is allready taken care of.

It'll climb hills like a tractor, slows down & chomps more and more amps untill it either stabilises or hits the low voltage cutoff. With extremes of steep, it'll make the front wheel scratch up the pavement over small bumps or with pedal strokes. That can't be good for the studs, heh.

But it gets me where I want to go faster then I can on a normal bike regardless of conditions, be it long straight flat sections, urban stop & go or hills. Hammering up a hill with this thing is amazing since you only have to strain maybe 1/4 of the time it would normally take.


I burn about 4-500w going top speed no pedalling, ~30Km/h, the voltage sags a couple volts at it. But loose the combat parka and fat studded mud tires, you should get a lot less resistance, less current draw, less voltage sag & so higher top speed. I'd guesstimate up to maybe ~35km/h with high pressure slicks, jeans & tshirt.


So what I'm saying is this thing is great as-is.

What would really make it shine, in my view, is a better set of rims such as Alex DX32, maybe 30Ah of LiIon, a lightweight mtb and a set of Nokian Hakka WCX300.
 
BTW - I tried some Elmers "School Glue Stick" I robbed from my kids backpack. Applied it to the cloth on the side that is against the metal case then stuck the cloth onto to the side of the case with the holes in the proper place. It stayed put long enough to get the board back in and get the screws in. That made it MUCH easier to deal with that !@!@$#@ piece of cloth. It runs but I have not put high amps on it yet. Yet.... This week for sure.

Walt
 
CHIT CHIT CHIT CHIT CHIT!!!!!!!!!! I did all my adjustments and measurements with the fork turned around 180 while my bike was upside down and made all my connections to accomodate. When I righted the bike I realised my mistake and sure enough!!!! Runs backwards... DAMMIT
All tied down pretty and everything. Definate kick with the mods.. feels real strong. Can't wait to fix and ride it and see if mine melts too LOL. Ya know, I ran that bike for about 200 miles and the wiring was basically the same. I WONDERED why all of a sudden it decided to reverse course... Remained a mystery until just NOW... It's 1 AM I have to go out of town tommorow. Later in the week.
 
Oh, hey just a hunch, try the yellow "dir" cables see if it does anything?
I cut mine off, prolly gonna cut off the grey loop too.

BTW, pics please :D
 
OK just tried it. No help. Since it is labeled DIR it makes sense to try it. Wonder what it's there for. Gotta fix it the hard way....

PS Pics coming.

Gotta sleep.. Albaqerque trip tommorow.
 
Finally got my shit together & opened up the said controller.
Didn't want to ever see it's insides ever again.


But this time it's broken for real. I'll have to use my brain and a multimeter to figure it out.
 
Oh shure, I'll show off if I find what's broken 8)


It quit going uphill, hit the low battery cutoff.

then started going again, but went up an ridiculously uber-steep section of road, it cutoff again and I couldn't keep it going. The bike started rolling backwards a bit before I realised it wasn't coming on again.


At this point my best guess is that one of the fets has stuck open, and I think I know what one it is. (the one that had melted the electric tape)


Edit: Yep, found a blown FET.

The absolute highest amperage I'd seen on the DB with fresh batteries was around 68A, on FETs that should be able to handle around 75. After it blew I saw a 72A peak on the DB, and this was with less then optimal batteries. The blown FET had exceeded ~80c to melt electric tape, there was no kind of apparent melting from the other ones. But, I read theese things see their cases ruined/throw flames when they die. So it should be more visible.

I don't understand why it blew.
 
Here's some better pics:

Component side towards the cable exit, near the FETs:
8efd2b95.jpg



Component side towards the cable exit, lower part:
a3c8981d.jpg



The biggest chip on the board, after several tries and lots of gimping:
3755c30a.jpg



Non-component side, near the cable exit. This pic covers the entire width:
839c8be3.jpg
 
I have the same controller. Since there is a foot of snow on the ground I decided to take it apart (it had blown a while back) I narrowed down the problem to the high and low fets on the "blue" phase wire. The fets are f1010e different than the ones in the controller in this thread. Anyone know a suitable replacement. I can't seem to find replacements. Any chance the 4110's would work?

Datasheet:

http://www.electronica-usa.com/Merchant2.xxSAVE/graphics/product_images/irf1010e.pdf
 
Johnbear said:
Any chance the 4110's would work?

Datasheet:

http://www.electronica-usa.com/Merchant2.xxSAVE/graphics/product_images/irf1010e.pdf

You bet. The gate charge is nearly the same, so there should be no problem with the driver.
I'd recommend doing all the FETs, not just the blown ones.
 
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