The connector is called SAE J1772. There are a couple of competing standards, but in the US for the next few years, I think J1772 will dominate. It supplies either 120VAC or 240VAC. There is a signaling protocol between the car and the charging station whose purpose is to communicate the charging current limit to the car, and communicate that there is a car present to the station. The station has a contactor in it that is normally open, even on the free versions. There is no negotiation of the voltage - the car must be capable of rectifying 240VAC. No, you cannot directly hook that cable into your bike battery pack, but you may be able to rig up a jig that feeds your standard charger with the J1772 connector.
I got one of the EE's to talk about the protocol at a local plug-in vehicle conference. It is a variable-pullup open-collector PWM. I have not confirmed the details of the following with any official source, I am just recalling from memory what we discussed on the conference floor.
Initial Condition: station provides 12V DC on the signal.
user plugs into the car
Car pulls down the signal to 9V
Station provides a PWM at 9V. The duty cycle is linearly proportional to the current limit. I don't know what the scale factor is, I didn't get it from him.
Car pulls down to 6V, station continues PWM at the new voltage.
Station closes contactor.
Could be worse. I certainly don't have any complaints. Just look at printer ink cartridges
Edit: Found a
good source, with much more detail.