1975 Honda CB 750 Conversion

Well, if you want to load test your battery, you have to discharge it somehow. Immersion heaters are just an easy and cheap way to do that in my opinion. I forgot you have a 96V battery, so you could also use 48 V solar immersion heaters and don't have to go down to 12 V models.
Ah, there we go. I understand now. That sounds like a pretty good way to load test. The only other thing I could think of was getting the motor I want and having it spin with some resistance. I do have the good fortune to have access to a dynamometer, so I could probably hook that up to the e-motor at some point and load it down with a couple nm. It's not a big dyno, thankfully. But, otherwise I will look into the heaters. Definitely simpler
 
Yeah, but it will be hard to test max battery amps like this, and it will probably also take quite long to deplete.
 
Yeah, but it will be hard to test max battery amps like this, and it will probably also take quite long to deplete.
I mean as long as I get it near it's max torque, that should be near max current, right? The dyno should be able to load 250Nm which is what a lot of the hub motors I'm look at claim.
 
Yes if you have such good equipment, it's even better of course, because you're testing the whole drivetrain and not just a single element, so you can also see if the motor will go into overtemp and how hot the controller gets.
 
I mean as long as I get it near it's max torque, that should be near max current, right? The dyno should be able to load 250Nm which is what a lot of the hub motors I'm look at claim.
One thing to remember is that phase amps are equal to the torque of the motor and the voltage at the output of the controller is equal to its rpm. So if your motor is spinning at lets say 200rpm, and while doing so it is outputting its max torque, the battery current will not be at his max at all, because the voltage going to the motor will be small and the phase amps will be high the power draw on the battery will be relatively small (in this exemple). So, to get more load on the battery side, it will be necessary to increase the rpm of the motor. If your dyno can handle enough rpm it should not be a problem.
 
Yes if you have such good equipment, it's even better of course, because you're testing the whole drivetrain and not just a single element, so you can also see if the motor will go into overtemp and how hot the controller gets.
My thoughts exactly. We'll see what I end up having to do.

One thing to remember is that phase amps are equal to the torque of the motor and the voltage at the output of the controller is equal to its rpm. So if your motor is spinning at lets say 200rpm, and while doing so it is outputting its max torque, the battery current will not be at his max at all, because the voltage going to the motor will be small and the phase amps will be high the power draw on the battery will be relatively small (in this exemple). So, to get more load on the battery side, it will be necessary to increase the rpm of the motor. If your dyno can handle enough rpm it should not be a problem.
Yeah, I do remember that voltage is proportional to rpm and current to torque, but max torque at low RPM should still be max current out of the controller at any rate. It should just be lower power like you said. This is fine with me. But, I would like to do thorough testing for torque speed curve and power use and all that. We shall see what happens.

I'd still really like another opinion on the thickness of my bus bar spec (at 0.5mm) and/or my cell spacing in my battery spacers. I haven't measured specifically the distance between cell centers, but they are not far apart.
 
I'd still really like another opinion on the thickness of my bus bar spec (at 0.5mm) and/or my cell spacing in my battery spacers. I haven't measured specifically the distance between cell centers, but they are not far apart.
I think 0.5mm copper buss bars will be enough. If you really want to be on the safe side and maybe push your battery a bit more in the future you could go for 0.75mm (if available). For the spacing of your cells, in my opinion, it is fine because some ready made cell holder (from what I can see) have the cells closer together than your design. I think the clearance of the cells in your design is better than these holders.
 

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I think 0.5mm copper buss bars will be enough. If you really want to be on the safe side and maybe push your battery a bit more in the future you could go for 0.75mm (if available). For the spacing of your cells, in my opinion, it is fine because some ready made cell holder (from what I can see) have the cells closer together than your design. I think the clearance of the cells in your design is better than these holders.
That was more or less what I was thinking, but at the same time I am trying to pull a lot of current. I just wanted to make sure before I melt things in testing. I'll check what pricing differences are between 0.5 and 0.75mm, though.
 
It will not melt instantly, you could observe with thermal cam and stop the test when it gets too hot. But yeah, it would be annoying to have to take everything off and then reweld fatter bars I guess.
 
It will not melt instantly, you could observe with thermal cam and stop the test when it gets too hot. But yeah, it would be annoying to have to take everything off and then reweld fatter bars I guess.
I was hyperbolizing a bit, for sure, but I also don't have a thermal cam yet. I guess I should probably get that before building the battery, huh. Thank you for the good advice, yet again.

I just worry about possible damage in removing the bus bars since I'm an amateur, but it's mostly just worrying more now so I can worry less later. Hopefully. I'm gonna talk to Wellgo then and see what they have to say about my design and what info they want.
 
Alrighty, everyone, I think I finally have my spacers and bus bars modeled out (in rough terms), and I would like a final review before asking Wellgo to charge me a bunch for copper. The bus bars are the solid bits, but I have specified to well-go that I would like the nickel strip to be in holes over the placement of the cells. I will provide them an stp file of the model so they have all the dimensions and everything. I realized the first model I made had 12s28p, but I'm pretty sure I got that corrected this time around. Please let me know what else I may be missing. I'm going for 0.8mm copper, 28s12p, with P42A cells. The pictures are (in order) perspective view from top angle, top straight on, and bottom straight on. Let me know if I can provide better pics as well. I can also upload the stp file somewhere if anyone is curious enough to poke around themselves.

1773751821935.png 1773751885973.png 1773751909301.png
 
Looks good for 14s12p. But where is the part that will connect both halves? Or will you weld that on top of the edge strips?
 
Looks good for 14s12p. But where is the part that will connect both halves? Or will you weld that on top of the edge strips?
Great question. I was wondering where to add it and then got side tracked. It'd be one of those shorter bus bars, but I'm not sure which direction or top/bottom.
 
Could just use wide ones instead of one of the narrow ones and then weld/screw them together, I guess. But maybe the width is not enough, might want to make them slightly wider, maybe 3x the narrow ones?
 
Could just use wide ones instead of one of the narrow ones and then weld/screw them together, I guess. But maybe the width is not enough, might want to make them slightly wider, maybe 3x the narrow ones?
I do want them to be the wider ones, but I'm not 100% sure how to make that happen.

I redid the model again because I realized I had modeled it for 14s like a dingus.

1773838650899.png


That should be 28s now, but I think it still illustrates what I'm confused about. I need a + terminal and a - terminal overall for the battery, and those are going to be the narrow bars that are missing in the above pic. I designed it that way because I the wider plates cover + and -, so they aren't at the top of the series stack. Do you mean just make the ones I intent to use to secure it wider so they stick out past one or the other side of the battery? Otherwise, I don't know how I'd get away with the wider bars.
 
No, the previous one was correct.

14s12p.jpg

Above is how current flows through a single string of 14 cells (and then you have 12 of those strings in parallel, because the bus covers the same terminal (+ or -) of 12 cells at the same time. You have to order the cells in columns with inverted poles from left to right, for example the first column has all - terminals upwards, the second all + terminals, then - again, etc. so that a single bar is always connecting a column of 12 - terminals to a column of 12 + terminals. The numbers in the picture above are either all - terminals or all + terminals.
 
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Do you mean just make the ones I intent to use to secure it wider so they stick out past one or the other side of the battery?
Yes, one of the end bars of each half has to be connected to the one other end bar of the other half. You can do that however you want, but the easiest way is probably just to make bars that overhangs the pack and then screw it together like I initially suggested. or if you want to weld them, make bent bars that you can then weld from the tops of each pack.

You'll also need some kind of overhang for the other end bar to connect the battery terminals to, because you have an even number of cells in series you will end up on the same "side" of the pack again, which will also be between the halves if you do it like I suggested.

You could also have the end bars on the outside of the pack, but then you have to connect from one side of the pack to the other to connect the halves, and your battery terminals will also be each one on either side of the whole pack. I don't really know what's better, to be honest.
 
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No, the previous one was correct.

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Above is how current flows through a single string of 14 cells (and then you have 12 of those strings in parallel, because the bus covers the same terminal (+ or -) of 12 cells at the same time. You have to order the cells in columns with inverted poles from left to right, for example the first column has all - terminals upwards, the second all + terminals, then - again, etc. so that a single bar is always connecting a column of 12 - terminals to a column of 12 + terminals. The numbers in the picture above are either all - terminals or all + terminals.
God, thank you. I keep working on this in between other things and making myself more confused. I appreciate the input more than you know. I somehow convinced myself parallel was series. What's that saying again? Measure 14 times, cut once? I swear I have a degree.

Yes, one of the end bars of each half has to be connected to the one other end bar of the other half. You can do that however you want, but the easiest way is probably just to make bars that overhangs the pack and then screw it together like I initially suggested. or if you want to weld them, make bent bars that you can then weld from the tops of each pack.

You'll also need some kind of overhang for the other end bar to connect the battery terminals to, because you have an even number of cells in series you will end up on the same "side" of the pack again, which will also be between the halves if you do it like I suggested.

You could also have the end bars on the outside of the pack, but then you have to connect from one side of the pack to the other to connect the halves, and your battery terminals will also be each one on either side of the whole pack. I don't really know what's better, to be honest.
Yeah, I was wondering if it should just basically double the width of the narrow bars and have them jut out on both sides. On the side that isn't bridging between the two halves (which I do want to do internally like you suggested), I was thinking I'd get them to bend the bars so they sit flush with the bottom of the battery and bend away from each other. I'd like a lot of surface area to put any wires on for the bms and the controller. Does this sound reasonable? Like below but for both sides. 1773858711116.png
 
Yeah if you make all end bars like this, you can on one side weld nickel strips over both folded parts to connect the halves and on the other side attach the battery terminals somehow to the folded parts while keeping them separated.

With the end bars on the outside you could do one large C like shaped end bar that covers that whole side of the pack to connect the halves, and then two end bars on the other side like those that you drew in red to connect the terminals to. Like I said, I don't really know what's better. You would have less weld spots with one large C shaped connector end bar, but it would have to fit quite well. You could probably just order a flat one with enough width, and then bend and cut it yourself.
 
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Yeah if you make all end bars like this, you can on one side weld nickel strips over both folded parts to connect the halves and on the other side attach the battery terminals somehow to the folded parts while keeping them separated.

With the end bars on the outside you could do one large C like shaped end bar that covers that whole side of the pack to connect the halves, and then two end bars on the other side like those that you drew in red to connect the terminals to. Like I said, I don't really know what's better. You would have less weld spots with one large C shaped connector end bar, but it would have to fit quite well. You could probably just order a flat one with enough width, and then bend and cut it yourself.
I was thinking one side would probably just jut out like 2 inches or so for screwing/soldering/welding together somehow. Just parallel plates, nothing fancy going over the top. Unfortunately, copper is expensive lol. Otherwise, yeah the main issue will be keeping the end terminals apart and insulated. Gonna need something fairly thick in between I feel like. Like 1-2mm.
 
Ok, another redesign later and I think I also have the end terminals sorted. I have one end that sticks out 30mm passed the spacers, and the other clearly bends down over the side. Just going to duplicate this, unless I have missed something else which is highly possible.

Top:
1773944473586.png
Bottom:
1773944519939.png

Side view:

Screenshot 2026-03-19 142453.png
 
Looks good. It's nice that you left some space in the middle between the cells. It will allow you to route the temp probes of the BMS in there. One probe for each half pack, or does your BMS have more than 2?
 
Looks good. It's nice that you left some space in the middle between the cells. It will allow you to route the temp probes of the BMS in there. One probe for each half pack, or does your BMS have more than 2?
I haven't picked a BMS yet. I'd like more than two if possible. It all depends on what's available at this voltage it seems.

Gonna send off my design today. Hopefully the copper doesn't obliterate my balance.
 
I really like the BMS from ANT. I never had issues with the 2 BMS that I have and there app is easy to use. It is possible to adjust a lot of parameters. For me it's a solid BMS. I don't have this model however, I think the 400A continuous version would work well for your battery. Otherwise, there is the 220A continuous version however it is always a good idea to have a BMS bigger than your needs to not push it to its limit. https://www.aliexpress.com/item/100...c_item_bridge_pc_main__QZKEkRc__1774015446783
 
With that big of a battery I would consider using the BMS only to activate a contactor, and not route the load through it. Could probably use two cheaper 16s BMS like this.
 
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