Car hitch for bike rack. Tongue weight-- Achilles heel

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Jun 25, 2010
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Any engineers out there? The tongue weight of a class two hitch is only 200 lbs. My ebike weighs about 40 lbs minus the battery and the hitch mounted bike rack weighs about 50 lbs so it doesn't give much wiggle room. I'm always worried about liability, nightmares of my bike rack failing as I driving down the high way. Any suggestions? An expensive bike rack is limited by the tongue weight of the hitch. Suggestions? Thanks. https://www.uhaul.com/Locations/Trailer-Hitches-near-Keene-NH-03431/791065/ I guess I should mention, I drive a Nissan juke so hitch selection is limited to class II. Thanks.
 
Yup, agree with Hillhater. Those are working weight ratings, so you are good right up to that tongue weight. I would say they are generally over engineered and slightly underrated.

More of concern would be the bike rack itself. The hitches are generally steel while racks are aluminum. Most racks are not designed for ebike weights, so you should get one that is rated for a large number of bikes or designed for heavier loads. I personally like 1UPUSA. They fold small, are made in the good ol' US of A, and are super beefy.

I'm saving up to get one, they are not cheap.
 
Does the tongue weight take into consideration Force? Force= mass x acceleration. What if I hit a large pothole or make a sharp turn, is tongue weight affected by force? Any Physicist or Engineers out there?
 
Are you Leasing or Buying the Juke ?

If buying, you can make some Stabilizer Brackets , A Bracket/s that is under the the two outer sides of the Bike Rack, Hitch Rack,
that corresponds to the two rear frame rails, or in the case of a Uinbody underframe, to the two strongest parts of the underbody.

Now you have support to prevent your bike from rocking from side to side/up and down movement.

In other words , you now have three points on which the weight is rested on.
 
The one Cvin here on ES uses appears pretty massively built. It has carried a Radrover and Radwagon and Cemoto , I think, (I might be misremembering whcih 3 were on there). (is a 3-space rack but is modular so you can use just 1 if you want and leave off the other two rack spaces)
[strike]I just can't remember which kind it is so I'll have to ask. :([/strike]

Cvin says it's a 1up rack.
 
I have one of those small 1 1/4" hitches on my CRV which is rated for 200# hitch weight. Then I have one of those flat cargo carriers that is about 20" by 60" that I added plywood to so that I can haul a trike on it. It plugs into a 2" square receiver so I had to use an adaptor into the 1 1/4". The thing weighs about 50 pounds, but the trike probably only weighs about 30 pounds since I not only remove the battery but also the boom that has the BBS02. I remove the boom because the trike is too long and with the boom removed it is the same length as the car is wide.

Anyhow, I did about what ScooterMan suggested by adding a big turnbuckle to each side between the safety chain spots on the hitch and the cargo carrier. This helps keep the thing quiet and stable. Just for kicks I also run a motorcycle strap from the hooks inside the car to the outside edges of the cargo carrier which further stabilizes everything. The hatch closes fine with the straps coming through.

I've hauled the trike a couple of thousand miles with no problems. Between the turnbuckles and the straps there is essentially no "hitch weight" stress on the hitch.
 
georgefromvt said:
Does the tongue weight take into consideration Force? Force= mass x acceleration. What if I hit a large pothole or make a sharp turn, is tongue weight affected by force? Any Physicist or Engineers out there?
Think in this rare instance, the Lawyers are actually your friends. If manufacturers rated load weight is 200 pounds, must mean a hitch loaded to 200 pounds is going to survive any pothole or sharp turn you are likely to encounter. Corporate liability lawyers would recommend that pretty strongly. Manufacturer would already have been sued out of business if their properly loaded hitches failed in any normal use situation. (I had the same worry, and that is what I told myself :lol: ) The hitch I used never did have any problem.
 
Regardless of class and ratings, it's always a good practice to inspect your hitch package and accessories on a regular basis. My son-in-law ruined a drawbar and ball by ignoring the subtle "clunk" when towing his boat, thinking it was jus typical minor slack in the receiver. Such subtle noises usually get worse without much notice by the regular operator, till they fail. While only the drawbar and ball required replacement, regular inspection and maintenance could have saved the expense. And fortunately it wasn't worse!

It's best not to exceed the recommended ratings of BOTH, vehicle and hitch package. This includes other hitch accessories, such racks and carriers, that are designed with specific considerations of everything involved. The coupling/tubes and securing pins are the strongest components, able to withstand the shocks, stresses and wear due to the necessary clearances that cause that inherent "clunk" and "rattle" with bump, stop-and-go and sway. Support strapping of carriers and racks help, but are usually unnecessary other than to secure the bikes and loads.

OTHER components of the hitch/carrier assemblies, are of much more concern. Supports, brackets, bolts, frame attachment points, vehicle suspension, even bolt holes,... are critical points of design ratings. You simply CAN NOT drill bigger holes for heaver, stronger bolts without compromising other critical components of the design. And putting a 2" adapter on a 1 1/2" receiver DOES NOT mean you can use heaver accessories. This is FAR more important with todays vehicle designs of integrated frames, independent rear suspension and "fake bumpers", and were of much less concern with cars of older classic frame designs and solid sprung axles. Loads of 200lbs ON the hitch are much different than 200lbs on a rack, carrier, hitch extension, adapter or anywhere else! Racks and carriers are rated with those considerations in design, as well as those vehicle limitations. Hence, the limited availability of such equipment for some vehicles such as yours, AND those rated limitations.

If your pushin those limits of weight and road conditions, it's all the more reason to closely inspect EVERYTHING about your setup each and EVERYTIME your usin' it.

BTW,.... I live year around in 34' motor home, and my heavy, "modified" 29" beach-cruiser is my main mode of transport when not travelin' about the country. The "heavy duty hitch" package is 12' behind the Freightliner rear axle on a pretty hefty John Deere frame. That 12' space ALSO supports the 100-gal water tank, TWO 45-gal waste tanks AND a 90gal fuel tank, not to mention the large rear storage bays below. While the hitch package is probably fine for towing an auxiliary vehicle or light trailer, you can probably imagine what effect a 200lb load, cantilevered load way out back, BEYOUND the rear ladder, would be like. While I AM considering something within reason, there's much to carefully think about here. I usually travel long distances as "dry" as possible, and those rear bays carry my lightest needs (my "equipped garage", with tools, welder, tanks, etc., is more centrally upfront). This is certainly "a big heavy truck", but load balance still has to considered. And for now,.... my bike travels either in the "front living room" or the rear "hallway" above the back axle. Heck, I live alone in this, but that bike is pretty damned heavy getting up and down the stairway of my "upstairs apartment on wheels"!!!
 
A single strap to the top of the vehicle that takes some of the cantilever stress off would be nice piece of mind.

Remember, if it's designed for 200lbs at the hitch itself, if you we a few feet out from the hitch, the bending moment on the hitch of just 50lbs could easily be greater than at the hitch at 200lbs (depends on the hitch geometry and mounting etc).
 
georgefromvt said:
Any engineers out there? The tongue weight of a class two hitch is only 200 lbs. My ebike weighs about 40 lbs minus the battery and the hitch mounted bike rack weighs about 50 lbs so it doesn't give much wiggle room. I'm always worried about liability, nightmares of my bike rack failing as I driving down the high way. Any suggestions? An expensive bike rack is limited by the tongue weight of the hitch. Suggestions? Thanks. https://www.uhaul.com/Locations/Trailer-Hitches-near-Keene-NH-03431/791065/ I guess I should mention, I drive a Nissan juke so hitch selection is limited to class II. Thanks.

So where does this 200lb come from? The link you provide and others I can find for CLASS 1 receivers sold for your vehicle are rated at a minimum of 300lbs on tongue.

Did you install the receiver, is it oem, or is someone else installing it? Who is the manufacturer?

And perhaps most importantly why would you think 300 (or even 200) lbs ratings wouldn't take into account vehicle operation???
 
All I can say is my tiny little hitch (1 1/4) on my Subaru's has been impossible to break with a well loaded bike rack. Two e bikes, and not far from the 200 pounds I see as the max for class 1. When I tow,, I'm very careful about the way my trailer is loaded. I aim for being able to lift the tongue by hand at about 100 to 150 pounds.

I run the cheap swagman hitch bike rack, and yeah, it sways this way and that, but it's never bent at the hitch. It's too thick steel to bend there. Potholes,, well I try to avoid them, but plenty of speed bumps you can't avoid, and plenty of running on very rough dirt roads to get to dirt trails. No problem.

I do back up the attachment of the bikes when running on freeway, with some bungees on the wheels. I do worry about a bike bouncing off the rack so I make that impossible.

But yeah,, hell yeah,, you hear a new noise back there, you betta check it out immediately. You can't run your hitch loose on the frame. But I lose no sleep worrying about the wiggle where the rack meets the receiver.
 
Thanks for the great advice. According to the instructions "GROSS LOAD CAPACITY WHEN USED AS A WEIGHT CARRYING HITCH: 2000 LBS. TRAILER WEIGHT & 200 LBS. TONGUE WEIGHT". Maybe I'm over concerned but America is very litigious, you can successfully sue a restaurant if you spill hot coffee on yourself. I just wish the hitch had a higher tongue weight limit. I have Ebike insurance but it doesn't cover if the rack fails and my car insurance probably wouldn't cover it.
 
rsz_img_20160826_222458.jpgrsz_1img_20160907_092045159.jpgPrius 001.jpgI use a "bike rack stabilization strap" (google it, cheap and available, made just for the purpose) also, keeping things snugged up eliminates play and resultant shock loading. 1 1/4" hitch on the Prius, and a fat fatbike.

On the RAV4 rack, I made a padded surface that is mounted on the spare tire mount, so same thing, no play once everything is secured.

Even on the crane's rack (the fatbike gets used a lot) the last thing I do is tie it off so it can't move up and down/back and forth.
 
craneplaneguy said:
View attachment 1View attachment 2I use a "bike rack stabilization strap" (google it, cheap and available, made just for the purpose) also, keeping things snugged up eliminates play and resultant shock loading. 1 1/4" hitch on the Prius, and a fat fatbike.

On the RAV4 rack, I made a padded surface that is mounted on the spare tire mount, so same thing, no play once everything is secured.

Even on the crane's rack (the fatbike gets used a lot) the last thing I do is tie it off so it can't move up and down/back and forth.

Craneplaneguy, what type of bike rack on your Pius? Thanks and appreciate the advice.
 
The prius rack looks nice. stronger than my cheapo swagman I'm sure. But I bought that rack in 2008, and have been beating the crap out of it since then. The wheel loops tend to bend some, but never break.

That type rack does come in 2" receiver, so if you want your hitch to have more weight limit, just spend more money. Get a class 2 hitch for 300 pounds. then get a motorcycle carrier for it. Overkill the hell out of it if you have $$.

Unless you drive around ignoring that your whole hitch is loose, or don't tie down your bike right, you have nothing to worry about with dropping your rack and bikes into somebodies path. It's just not going to happen. It can with other types of bike rack, but not the hitch mount, made of steel, carry by the wheels racks.
 
I wouldn't worry about the hitch strength. At around half the rated capacity you'll be fine. Also steel will almost always fail slowly--keep an eye on it and you'll see paint flaking off where it's flexing too much, then cracking and/or bending before anything falls off. Agree with everyone that the bike rack itself is the weak link in this situation. At any given DH race there are loads of people with heavy DH bikes on small cars with small hitches. I've never seen an issue. I also see people with motorcycles on hitch racks (usually 2" receivers) all the time that look sketchy but I've yet to hear of one falling off.

I second the 1up-usa bike rack. I have one for a roof rack (also maybe an option for you) on my wife's car and it's a well-built bike rack. FWIW her roof rack is rated at 170lbs and I have no worries about my 40lbs DH bike on it.
 
This is simply an excellent design for this vehicle!!! The weight is carried as close as possible to the hitch receiver, the rear suspension and the designed cargo area of the vehicle. It appears the construction materials of the carrier and mount are substantial enough for this use too.
craneplaneguy said:
View attachment 2I use a "bike rack stabilization strap" (google it, cheap and available, made just for the purpose) also, keeping things snugged up eliminates play and resultant shock loading. 1 1/4" hitch on the Prius, and a fat fatbike.

Again, the receiver of the hitch, and the mount of the carrier are of least concern. A well constructed carrier should be little concern as well. The receiver of the Pruis hitch is welded and suspended in the middle of the hitch assembly on a traverse tube. The ends of the tube are welded to the vehicle mounting plates, and I believe these mounting plates are secured by bolts going upward in the vehicle body members. This mounting area and manner is the greatest limiting factor in the various loads subject on the hitch. Tongue weight relies on these bolts being properly torqued AND the mounting area being solid enough they don't pull through (watch this area for rust, corrosion, looseness, and deformation of the body member). Trailer load relies mostly on the horizontal shear strength of these bolts. Those loads also subject the cross member of the hitch to twisting (excessive hitch weight) and bending (both heavy trailer load and hitch weight). These are light duty hitches on the Pruis, restricted in design by the vehicles suspention and vehicle load limits.

The other vehicles and carriers depicted by Craneplaneguy, have far fewer restrictions and much greater load ratings depending on hitch construction and vehicle mounting. Heavy-duty hitches will typically have mounting bolts going HORIZONTALLY in frame members. BOTH, tongue and trailer loads relying on shear strength of the mounting bolts. These heaver hitchs ALSO have additional mounting near the central receiver. You might note that the carrier sets pretty far from the RAV4 receiver. But I'm sure his hitch mounting, hitch construction, and vehicle load ratings handle it well. I'd bet he hardly notices the load back there. Unlike the Pruis, where he's likely well aware he has some extra back there, even with such a nice close design.
 
Remember that a 200 pound tongue weight is designed to carry a 2000 pound trailer (10% tongue weight is customary), and handle the 200 pound static weight plus the dynamic load of the trailer, and believe me when the car or the trailer hits a pothole at freeway speed the forces on the hitch are far beyond the static or dynamic forces of a bike rack.
 
Yep.. just don't bolt that receiver to a rust bucket car. That's something I agree with.

How well you tie that bike to the rack, that's the real risk. I trust just the clamp down on the rack only for shorter trips.
 
georgefromvt said:
Does the tongue weight take into consideration Force? Force= mass x acceleration. What if I hit a large pothole or make a sharp turn, is tongue weight affected by force? Any Physicist or Engineers out there?

Yes. It takes into consideration the force on the hitch itself when you stick something on a lever and hang it waaayyy out over the bumper. If you look at the hitch, its made of steel thicker than any other part of your car.

liveforphysics said:
A single strap to the top of the vehicle that takes some of the cantilever stress off would be nice piece of mind.

Remember, if it's designed for 200lbs at the hitch itself, if you we a few feet out from the hitch, the bending moment on the hitch of just 50lbs could easily be greater than at the hitch at 200lbs (depends on the hitch geometry and mounting etc).

that 200lb rating is the rating for the hitch with the drawbar fully inserted (theres a standard that I cant recall) and measured with the weight 3 ft out from the end of the receiver. So just imagine a square bar inserted in the receiver sticking out 3 ft with 200lb weights on the end. Its rated to have that bounced up and down at full car speed hitting potholes and all the abuse of US roadways.

Thats why the number is so ridiculously low. They're usually constructed of 1/4" steel or thicker... on a car made out of pressed sheetmetal.
 
Alan B said:
Remember that a 200 pound tongue weight is designed to carry a 2000 pound trailer (10% tongue weight is customary), and handle the 200 pound static weight plus the dynamic load of the trailer, and believe me when the car or the trailer hits a pothole at freeway speed the forces on the hitch are far beyond the static or dynamic forces of a bike rack.

This. I wish I saw this post before I posted. I didnt see it. :oops:

One more note. I have some experience with this.
To have a really rock solid bike rack, you need to make the rack solidly mount to the hitch with no slack.
I do this two ways. First I use a Hitch pin bolt. This bolt tightens the drawbar into the reciever. As you tighten it, it pulls the bar to one side, and that keeps side to side rocking to almost nothing. They look like this:
05002400000_1000.jpg


It still goes all the way through for the cotter pin, but the threads hold it tight. My google search for that image found this writeup on exactly how it goes in: http://www.pinkbike.com/news/Tech-Tuesday-Removing-Bike-Rack-Rattle-2012.html

Now the only movement is up and down.
Using a Ubolt and some angle iron, you can make a hitch rattle device. This stops all of the remaining movement.
some google images:
Close-up.jpg

IMAG1158.jpg


This one is literally a muffler clamp, no modding needed:
21797d1404611651-rattling-hitch-fix-image.jpg



For the second time today, I thought I would post up my dirtbike.
Doing the two clamps I showed above (and welding all the bolted joints of this harbor freight carrier) I carry a dirtbike on my hitch with ZERO movement or rattle. It does not wobble or move at all, it stays exactly with the jeep.
20150606_170632.jpg


Here you can see how far away from the hitch it is, and if you look close, you can see the angle iron on top/U-bolt on bottom setup I have for zero rattles.
20150606_170611.jpg
 
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