In the new variant, the same kind of electrochemical reactions take place between lithium and oxygen during charging and discharging, but they take place without ever letting the oxygen revert to a gaseous form. Instead, the oxygen stays inside the solid and transforms directly between its three redox states, while bound in the form of three different solid chemical compounds, Li2O, Li2O2, and LiO2, which are mixed together in the form of a glass. This reduces the voltage loss by a factor of five, from 1.2 volts to 0.24 volts, so only 8 percent of the electrical energy is turned to heat. “This means faster charging for cars, as heat removal from the battery pack is less of a safety concern, as well as energy efficiency benefits,” Li says.
:lol: to carbonize them the problem is with the equipment, vacuum furnaces cost 100s of k, then again if you use metals in anode/cathode you also need a vacuum furnace to make the metal salts. There are sodium batteries that charge 10x times faster, are 3 times more energy dense and last 10x times longer but the manufacturing is difficult so nobody makes them.
