Seen here (AXPW.OB):
http://www.axionpower.com
"Conventional lead-acid batteries use negative electrodes made of sponge lead pasted onto a lead grid current collector. In comparison, our technology uses negative electrodes made of microporous activated carbon with very high surface area. The result is a battery-supercapacitor hybrid that uses less lead."
"PbC® Technology
The full technical description of Axion's proprietary PbC® technology is a "multi-celled asymmetrically supercapacitive lead-acid-carbon hybrid battery." Like a lead-acid battery, our battery consists of a series of cells. Within the individual cells, however, our construction is more complex. Where the negative electrodes in lead-acid batteries are simple sponge lead plates, our negative electrodes are five-layer assemblies that consist of a carbon electrode, a corrosion barrier, a current collector, a second corrosion barrier and a second carbon electrode. These electrode assemblies are then sandwiched together with conventional separators and positive electrodes to make our battery, which is filled with an acid electrolyte, sealed and connected in series to the other cells.
We have been testing laboratory prototypes of Axion's PbC® batteries since April 2004. Our test protocol requires a complete charge-discharge cycle every 7 hours to a 90% depth of discharge. During testing, our laboratory prototypes have withstood more than 1,600 cycles before failure. In comparison, most lead-acid batteries designed for deep discharge applications can only survive 300 to 500 cycles under these operating conditions."
"Our new PbC® battery can be recycled in existing lead acid battery recycling facilities. This allows the lead, plastic, and acid to be reused in new PbC® Batteries."
"The PbC® battery is a hybrid device that uses the standard lead acid battery positive electrode and a supercapacitor negative electrode that is made of activated carbon. The specific type of activated carbon we use has an extremely high surface area (1500 m2/g) and has been specifically formulated by Axion for use in electrochemical applications. During charge and discharge, the positive electrode undergoes the same chemical reaction that occurs in a conventional lead acid battery, i.e. lead dioxide reacts with acid and sulphate ions to form lead sulphate and water. The main difference in the PbC® battery is the replacement of the lead negative electrode with an activated carbon electrode that does not undergo a chemical reaction at all. Instead, the very high surface area activated carbon electrode stores the protons (H+) from the acid in a layer on the surface of the electrode."
"In conventional lead acid batteries the concentration of acid changes from being very concentrated in the charged state to somewhat dilute in the discharged state as the acid is converted to water. In contrast, the PbC® battery stores H+ in the negative electrode in the fully charges state which move to the positive electrode during discharge where they are neutralized to form water. The result is reduced acid concentration swings from the charged to discharged state which reduces grid corrosion on the positive electrode and leads to longer life of the positive electrode."
From here (USA FORM 10-KSB/A filing from 2007):
http://msnmoney.brand.edgar-online....ingHTML1?ID=5458811&SessionID=jD3hWZnjVRJFbg9
We were incorporated in Delaware in January 1997 as Tamboril Cigar Company, which operated a wholesale cigar business until December 1998 and was an inactive public shell from January 1999 until December 2003. Since January 2004, we have been engaged in the business of developing a new technology for the production of lead-acid-carbon energy storage devices that we refer to as “e 3 Supercells.†We changed our name to Axion Power International, Inc. and implemented a one share for 16 reverse split in June 2004. The values in this report have been restated where necessary to give retroactive effect to the reverse split.
Mega-C Power Corporation, which we refer to in this report as “Mega-C,†was a prior licensee of limited rights to the e 3 Supercell technology. In February 2003, the Ontario Securities Commission began an investigation into Mega-C’s stock sales that terminated Mega-C’s ability to finance its operations and continue in business.
Axion Power Corporation, which we refer to in this report as “APC,†was incorporated in September 2003 for the purpose of acquiring rights to the e 3 Supercell technology from the original owner of the patents, an Ontario corporation named C and T Co., Inc., which we refer to in this report as “C&T.†The founders of APC were shareholders of Mega-C who collectively invested approximately $3.9 million in Mega-C and were facing a total loss when Mega-C was unable to continue in business.
Our development collaborators:
During the research stage, the late Dr. Brian Conway of the University of Ottawa was actively involved in the development and testing of our e 3 Supercell technology.
East Penn Manufacturing Company, Inc. We have entered into a memorandum of understanding with East Penn, the largest independent battery manufacturer in North America. The MOU establishes the framework for a three-phase joint development and testing program that includes laboratory testing; prototype development and testing; and co-development of a series of pre-commercial e 3 Supercells.
Dr. Andrew F. Burke, Ph.D . Dr. Burke is a member of the research faculty at the Institute of Transportation Studies, University of California at Davis, and a recognized expert in the field of electric and hybrid vehicle design, analysis, and testing. He directs the EV Power Systems Laboratory and performs research and teaches graduate courses on advanced electric driveline technologies, specializing in batteries, ultracapacitors, fuel cells and hybrid vehicle design. Dr. Burke is working with us in an effort to develop a high-power e 3 Supercell design that will be suitable for use in hybrid electric automobiles.
Our strategic alliances:
Hybridyne Power Systems is an Ontario company that specializes in integrated hybrid (wind and solar) renewable energy systems and has signed a non-binding letter of intent to conduct a total of five demonstration projects with us over the next 12 months. The first demonstration project will be a 75 kilowatt hour project and is scheduled for the third quarter of 2006. Additional projects of increasing size and complexity will follow every three months.
Omni Power, Inc. is an Ontario company that specializes in integrated clean power and grid connected inverter systems and has signed a non-binding letter of intent to conduct a total of five demonstration projects with us over the next 12 months. The first project is planned for the third quarter of 2006.
Vektec Electronics is a New Zealand company that specializes in integrated renewable energy systems and has signed a non-binding letter of intent to conduct a total of five demonstration projects with us over the next 12 months. The first project is planned for the third quarter of 2006.
CPE Div L is an Ontario company that acts as a value added reseller of wind power generating equipment and has signed a non-binding letter of intent to conduct a total of five demonstration projects with us over the next 18 months. The first project is planned for the fourth quarter of 2006.
Our patents and intellectual property:
· U.S. Patent No. 6,466,429 (expires May 2021) - Electric double layer capacitor;
· U.S. Patent No. 6,628,504 (expires May 2021) - Electric double layer capacitor;
· U.S. Patent No. 6,706,079 (expires May 2022) - Method of formation and charge of the negative polarizable carbon electrode in an electric double layer capacitor; and
· U.S. Patent No. 7,006,346 (expires April 2024) - Positive Electrode of an electric double layer capacitor.
Our employees
We have 22 full-time employees in Woodbridge, Ontario, including a 16-member scientific and engineering team, a three-member management and business development team and three clerical employees. Seven members of our scientific and engineering team hold PhDs and eight additional employees hold other advanced degrees. We began manufacturing activities in New Castle, Pennsylvania in March 2006. While we have not made our final staffing decisions at New Castle, we presently employ a staff of 10, including 7 people who are involved principally in manufacturing and 3 people who are involved principally in administration and sales. We are not subject to any collective bargaining agreements and believe our relations with our employees are good.
Risks related to our e 3 Supercell technology
Our e 3 Supercells are not a superior solution for all applications that currently rely on lead-acid battery technology.
While there are many similarities between our e 3 Supercell technology and conventional lead-acid technology, e 3 Supercells are not expected to be a superior solution for all applications that rely on lead-acid battery technology. In cases where total energy storage is the mission critical operating parameter, multiple e 3 Supercells may be required to perform functions that could be performed by a single lead acid battery. Therefore e 3 Supercells are not and should not be viewed as a fungible replacement for conventional lead acid batteries.
Risks relating to our common stock
Over one million shares of our common stock were never paid for by the purchaser, and stock certificates for these unissued shares are in the possession of this third party.
************** end of snips about Axion *****************
Quercus Trust owns a piece of Axion Power (Quercus also has money in Firefly and Aptera)
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