Some would say where I live has no winter, near El Paso TX. But my house is at 4500 feet, so while we may not see a bit of ice, we do get some brisk mornings. When I commuted, 20 degrees going to work was not unusual.
The clothing is a lot like skiing, which I did a lot. You avoid anything too hugely heavy, and dress more in layers. This is because the temp would change a lot warmer with every hour I was out. A big heavy coat might be the last layer, but your bike then has to have a way to carry a huge coat when you take it off. Panniers. A good pair of light nylon wind pants with zippers all the way to the waist is a good starting point. If you ride in so much cold you wear insulated overalls, they still need that full zipper to vent at least. But if you are wearing some long underwear, then some pants that let you move under a nylon wind pant works ok. You gotta at least be able to pedal enough to make warmth on an e bike.
Real roadies of course, need to cool off, even in bitter cold weather. But I'm assuming you don't ride that hard.
Up top, same sort of thing, windbreaker, fleece shirt with front zip, maybe a fleece vest under that, then a normal long sleeve shirt on the skin.
As for the rain and snow,, you definitely start with fenders on the bike. No need to wear the road all wet and slushy. On a nice day, you still deal with puddles. Here they are from automatic sprinklers, but I'd still ride through puddles once they thaw. If I was to need studs, I would not ride that day. Except for a possible short snow ride, just because any precipitation is such a novelty here.
Gloves similar. Good ski gloves on some days, but mostly just a nice deerskin leather glove would do for days above freezing. Those ski gloves in the panniers, there if you need em.