The GNG has turned out to have wonderful potential, even better that it was fist imagined when just looking at it. When the first kits started arriving, it was obvious there were several glaring weaknesses. LightningRods has started one-by-one making upgrade parts to improve the basic kit, but buyers still had to buy the whole GNG kit and then throw away half of it.
These shaft adapters are the last piece needed for LR to sell a full kit directly to the customer. Now, you only pay for the parts and the shipping once...and all the parts work as advertised. Plus he is located in the US so he can respond quickly to any issues that arise for North American builders.
Other than that, they are nothing special. They accept the well-known flanged freewheels from White-Industries "ENO", and also the mid-priced ACS-Crossfire, so the pulley on the belt side of the drive will freewheel. By moving the jackshaft freewheel from the chainring side to the motor-shaft side (in the LR re-design), you can use a smaller sprocket on the chainring side, which helps the reduction quite a bit. It's a long story why lots of reduction is good, just know that it is much better than the stock GNG kit by a large margin.
The bore is 12mm. If it was 1/2-inch (12.7mm), that would have been acceptable, but a bore shim for 12mm customers would add some flex and play into the pulley runout. A 12mm bore means that 1/2-inch customers can have a local shop bore it out a hair for a perfect fit.
Also, there are several available motors that already have a 12mm shaft, so this adapter has a wider customer base than just the GNG kit, for non-hub drives. This gives experimenters more choices. If there is a sudden shortage of hub-motors due to a trade agreement issue with China or a spike-up in gasoline prices, the non-hub builds will have a sudden growth in interest.