So the 48v battery hooked to the 36v charger could mean too much power going into the charger, backwards, overloading the capacitors inside.
But if the 36v charger puts out 42v or so, chances are it has at least a 50v cap inside. So if your battery is below 50v, the only thing that happens is the battery never charges higher than 42v.
48v charger and 36v battery, it depends on the battery. Your 36v will want to charge to about 42v, but the charger will try to feed it 56v more or less.(depending on the type) If the battery has a bms, the bms may stop the charge when it should stop. If the battery has no bms, then the charger will overcharge your battery to death.
It's not so smart, it knows to stop because you put a 36v battery on it.
Either way, it's not something that could result in anything good. And re charger fires, never put your charger on the carpet, the pile of newspapers on the table, etc. My chargers sit on tile.