You can get BMS for LiPo, Li-ion and LiFePO4. Technically, you can get BMSes for anything, but many chemistries don't need it. For example Lead Acid can be balanced by intentional overcharge. The high voltage does boil the acid in the overcharged cells, but it properly charges up the lower cells. When the acid cools, all cells are at max voltage. Try that with any Lithium chemistry, and the best you can hope for is a fire.
Balancers should be sufficient if you're diligent about using them, AND your packs can be balanced as one. If you can't balance your pack as one, how do you get each half, third or quarter to talk to the rest of your pack?
So in my case, I have an 16S pack which is actually 2 x 8S pack which is then further broken down into 8S bulk charge, and 4S + 4S balance . There are no bulk charging cables for the 4S, just the balancing cables. If that doesn't make sense, have a look at the photo below:
The first 4S is at all balanced at 4.2v, the second 4S is balanced at 3.8v.
If I bulk charge, the 4.2v half will overcharge, while the 3.8v will charge properly.
The only way I can rebalance that pack is either:
1. Break it up into genuine 4S packs and balance charge everything to 4.2v; or
2. Install a 16S BMS, and get it to balance everything in one go.